<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 5 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y\nsinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt \u00f4ng\nnh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ri\u00eang ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\nkh\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fac g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda khuya ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 12, 1986 tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u00eam t\u1eeb\nGorky \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow, Nga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch 65 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3\nkh\u00f4ng ai xa l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Andrei Sakharov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u1ed5i\nti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng, b\u00e0 Yelena Bonner, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\nn\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mikhail Gorbachev tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1\nnh\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 250 c\u00e2y\ns\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 r\u1eddi Gorky 11 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam, b\u1ea3y gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau t\u00e0u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Moscow. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng\nl\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ga n\u00ean ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 Sakharov kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i trong\n\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Andrei Sakharov b\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh\ntim n\u00ean v\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi\ngian quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng l\u1ed3ng trong s\u1ed1\nph\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do\ntrong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 1986, h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft Andrei Sakharov bi\u1ebft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Mikhail\nGorbachev kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Mikhail Gorbachev n\u1eafm\nch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng CS Li\u00ean S\u00f4 g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edbi l\u00ean th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y\nhay th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gorbachev \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3\nkh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n Sakharov \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh trong gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n L\u00e2m Khoa H\u1ecdc v\u1eabn\nd\u00e0nh cho Sakharov m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nh\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129\nAndrei Sakharov t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng ba l\u1ea7n danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cAnh h\u00f9ng Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng\u201d, b\u1ed1n\nl\u1ea7n \u201cHu\u00e2n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Lenin\u201d, \u201cGi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Lenin\u201d, \u201cGi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Stalin\u201d. M\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i\nth\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i\nMoscow, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gorbachev c\u1ea7n Sakharov\nc\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho hai ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u1ea3i T\u1ed5 Kinh T\u1ebf (Perestroika)\nv\u00e0 C\u1edfi M\u1edf V\u0103n H\u00f3a Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb (Glasnost). Trao tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho Sakharov l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng\nch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cc\u1ea3i t\u1ed5\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1edfi m\u1edf\u201d c\u1ee7a Gorbachev\n\u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gorbachev c\u1ea7n Sakharov,\ngi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh 1975 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee9 h\u00f2a\nb\u00ecnh v\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Sakharov tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n\nt\u1ea1i Li\u00ean S\u00f4. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n mang t\u00ean\nSakharov m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 c\u1ea3 phim \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh \u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng Gorbachev \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m.\nB\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Sakharov v\u00e0 danh v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean chuy\u1ebfn xe l\u1eeda t\u1eeb\nGorky v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Moscow, Sakharov ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\nl\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh minh t\u1ef1 do cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga sau 69 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4c\nt\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb CS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho\nGorbachev hay v\u1edbi Gorbachev, Sakharov \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\nGorbachev nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1u \u1ee7y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Boris Yeltsin, s\u1eed gia Yuri Afanasyev, Th\u1ecb\ntr\u01b0\u1edfng Moscow Gavril Popov, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Viktor Palm \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh \u0111\u1ed1i\nl\u1eadp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\nngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Yuri Afanasyev l\u00e0 nh\u00e0\nnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed, Boris Yeltsin l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean CS cao c\u1ea5p, Viktor Palm l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\nng\u01b0\u1eddi Estonia v\u00e0 Sakharov l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. H\u1ecd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c\nt\u00e0i CS g\u1ed3m 566 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 \u00f4 h\u1ee3p trong \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga v\u1eeba\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\nnh\u00f3m n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng CS Li\u00ean S\u00f4\nc\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1u hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ed1n trong hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p\nCSVN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\nc\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3ng CS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng nhau\nnh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 1988, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\n\u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai\ntr\u1ecb CS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tinh vi v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y kinh nghi\u1ec7m sau b\u1ea3y ch\u1ee5c\nn\u0103m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfc thay b\u1ecbnh tim \u0111\u00e3\nc\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nga m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd\nnguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Andrei D. Sakharov qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1i\nng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 12, 1989 th\u1ecd 68 tu\u1ed5i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi\nd\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng. Mikhail Gorbachev v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3ng CS\nLi\u00ean S\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc linh c\u1eedu \u00f4ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Andrei D. Sakharov ra\n\u0111i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn\ntrong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m (1) \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, (2) c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t,\n(3) c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 (4) theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\nd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ef1u CS nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec7p, Ba Lan, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\nBaltics, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ba n\u0103m n\u1eefa, Andrei D. Sakharov v\u1edbi\nt\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 do, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Nga v\u00e0\nn\u1ebfu v\u1eady khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n nay nhi\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 5 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng sinh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tieu-luan-chinh-tri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5268,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5266\/revisions\/5268"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}