<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t\nkhu nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c Belarus, c\u00e1ch\nbi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Ba Lan 8 km, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Russia,\nUkraine, and Belarus v\u1eeba tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 g\u1eb7p nhau. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Boris Yeltsin \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Nga, Stanislav\nShushkevich \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Belarus v\u00e0 Leonid Kravchuk \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ukraine. C\u1ea3 ba l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\n\u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y\nhy v\u1ecdng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 3 qu\u1ed1c gia trong s\u1ed1\n15 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d Li\u00ean X\u00f4, tham\nd\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ba n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 73% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 80% di\u1ec7n\nt\u00edch c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Trong ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, ba ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\nC\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c Gia \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp (Commonwealth of Independent States).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecdc tin m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng\nc\u00e1o chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd, Mikhail\nGorbachev trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ba\nn\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, Yeltsin v\u00e0 Gorbachev\ng\u1eb7p nhau m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp, Gorbachev bi\u1ebft d\u00f9 \u00f4ng\nt\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00f3, Boris Yeltsin, l\u00e3nh\n\u0111\u1ea1o Nga v\u1eeba h\u1ed3i sinh v\u00e0 Mikhail Gorbachev, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng\n\u00fd n\u0103m ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 1992 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 1991 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\nnh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ba\nth\u00e1ng, 18 th\u00e1ng 8, 1991, phe c\u1ef1c \u0111oan b\u1ea3o\nth\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00f3m\nt\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d trong trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng CSLX r\u00e1ng h\u1ebft\ns\u1ee9c h\u1eaft h\u01a1i l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sinh kh\u00ed cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00f3m t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi\nLeonid Brezhnev. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t\ntrong \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch N\u01b0\u1edbc Gennady Yanayev, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Valentin Pavlov, B\u1ed9\nTr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng Dmitry Yazov, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0110\u1ed1c KGB Vladimir Kryuchkov v.v\u2026 \u201cnh\u00f3m\nt\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 ba ng\u00e0y v\u00ec b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y CS \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ec7u r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\nch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i CS th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. C\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u00e0ng cao c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5\ns\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kinh\nt\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5\nGorbachev ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i 15 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cC\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a\nX\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a\u201d tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1eabn\n\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c Gia \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp (Commonwealth of Independent States, g\u1ecdi\nt\u1eaft CIS). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Boris Yeltsin mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t Gorbachev tr\u01b0\u1edbc\ns\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp CIS thay th\u1ebf cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu\nc\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 . <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau l\u1ec5 k\u00fd k\u1ebft s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia\nTrung \u00c1 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Caucasus nh\u01b0 Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,\nTajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia v\u00e0 Moldova l\u1ea7n\nl\u01b0\u1ee3t tham gia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong> \nL\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia CIS \u0111\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a\nNga nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng. H\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\nh\u01a1n l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nga trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh\nth\u1ed5, an ninh v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi\nPutin kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cl\u00e2n bang\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u201cv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9n\u201d bao b\u1ecdc\nchung quanh Nga nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi Nga Ho\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ba\nqu\u1ed1c gia r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00f9ng Baltics \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ba qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y\n\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c tham gia C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c Gia \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp. Ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3\nl\u00e0 Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ecdn Latvia \u0111\u1ec3\nph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Lithuania, Estonia v\u1ec1\nc\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Latvia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Latvia l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a v\u00f9ng Baltic,\nth\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Riga, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 2019 l\u00e0 1.9 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh\nQu\u1ea3ng Nam, c\u00f3 chung bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus v\u00e0 Nga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Latvia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\nn\u0103m 1918 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm n\u0103m 1940, b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm n\u0103m 1941,\nb\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa n\u0103m 1944 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc CS trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\nLi\u00ean X\u00f4 m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1991. <\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p\nnh\u1eadn Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 T\u00e1i L\u1eadp N\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Latvia (The Declaration on Restoration of\nIndependence of the Republic of Latvia), Latvia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi\nqu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1990, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i\ntr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi\nngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi quan v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p r\u1eb1ng khi n\u00e0o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\nnh\u1ecf chung quanh kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong kh\u1ed1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4\ntr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a\nn\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Latvia kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\nt\u00e2n l\u1eadp m\u00e0 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb 1918. <\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111a s\u1ed1\nth\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u01b0a sinh ra trong giai\n\u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 71 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Latvia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a\nli\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc Latvia c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 1990 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n Latvia\nn\u0103m 1918 \u0111\u1ea7y hy sinh gian kh\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi hai \u00e1ch Hitler v\u00e0 Stalin, hai l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i t\u00e0n \u00e1c nh\u1ea5t\ntrong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Latvia h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3\nph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng Baltics, trong th\u1eddi\n\u0111i\u1ec3m 1990, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Latvia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng\nsu\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua b\u1ed1n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n (1). Thay v\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ri\u00eang, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Phong Tr\u00e0o D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c Latvia\u00a0(Latvian People\u2019s Front) nh\u1eb1m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS t\u1ea1i Latvia v\u00e0 \u201ctho\u00e1t Nga\u201d. H\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o \u00a0c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho Nga v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u201ctho\u00e1t Nga\u201d quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201ctho\u00e1t Nga\u201d v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia Phong Tr\u00e0o D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c Latvia\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS b\u1ecf t\u00f9, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p hay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201ct\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d v\u00e0\u00a0 \u201ctho\u00e1t Nga\u201d. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 quy t\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n (2). D\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t\n\u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\nba qu\u1ed1c gia Baltic lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng\nph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u00e2n M\u1ef9 hay c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n gh\u00e9t\nM\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf t\u1eebng b\u1ecb x\u00e2u x\u00e9 b\u1edfi\nc\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n (3). V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\nnh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t g\u1eabm tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Mikhail Gorbachev. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Latvia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nk\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi do\nGorbachev ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Moscow. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Latvia\nch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian d\u1ec5 th\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i t\u1ef1\ndo \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111u\u00f4i Gorbachev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (4). T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Boris Yeltsin\u00a0tham gia v\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c Gia \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ef1u Li\u00ean X\u00f4\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Nga cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Latvia ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c\nm\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong khi c\u00e1c\nqu\u1ed1c gia s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp hay gia nh\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Ukraine, Georgia ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3nh\n\u201ctr\u00e1nh v\u1ecf d\u01b0a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 g\u1eb7p v\u1ecf d\u1eeba Nga\u201d, Latvia l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\nkinh t\u1ebf nhanh nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. GDP tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 2020 c\u1ee7a Latvia l\u00e0 17,560 M\u1ef9\nkim, g\u1ea5p 7 l\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Latvia h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a NATO, Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU), WTO, UN, IMF v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c\nt\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng Baltic tr\u1edf\nn\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i NATO b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. <\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\nc\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a NATO ghi r\u00f5: \u201cNATO b\u1ea3o\n\u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh\nto\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean\nkh\u00f4ng 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, 7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, 365 ng\u00e0y\nm\u1ed7i n\u0103m do B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.\u201d (NATO ensures the integrity, safety\nand security of its airspace by maintaining a 24\/7\/365 Air Policing mission,\noverseen by Allied Air Command.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m\nso\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a NATO c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1961 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\ncho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00f9ng Baltics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Vladimir Putin d\u00f9 gan l\u1edbn\nc\u1ee1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u1eed Article 5 c\u1ee7a NATO: \u201cM\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c\nt\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\ncoi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng\nminh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Putin ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ecfi\nh\u0103m he nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t phi c\u01a1 d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hay d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hay s\u01a1 \u00fd bay v\u00e0o\nkh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn Latvia s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, 30 th\u00e1ng 7 2021, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn\n\u0111\u1ea5u c\u01a1 F35 c\u1ee7a NATO ch\u1eb7n hai m\u00e1y bay th\u00e1m th\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Nga c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Kaliningrad thu\u1ed9c Nga tr\u00ean\nbi\u1ec3n Baltic ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay n\u00e0y bay v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\nBaltic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh\nLatvia ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng y\u00ean t\u00e2m c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do, gi\u00e0u\nm\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 thanh b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha ch\u00fa c\u00e1c em.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1eafc b\u1ecbnh tham quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb, ham m\u00ea quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Belarus, Uzbekistan \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Alexander Lukashenko c\u1ee7a Belarus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\nb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. Sau 26 n\u0103m, y v\u00e0 phe nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng xa hoa tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a\nd\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Belarus ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec\nsau l\u01b0ng y c\u00f3 Putin che ch\u1edf. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 Yeltsin v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 Putin cam k\u1ebft t\u00f4n\ntr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Belarus v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u\nhi\u1ec7u \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do\u201d vang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Minsk trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\nch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ec9a\nmai, l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 sinh ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 15 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a 15 \u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e2n n\u00e3o gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh bay xa v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu s\u1ebd\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u1ed1 th\u1eb3m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12, 1991 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c Belarus, c\u00e1ch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5535,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tieu-luan-chinh-tri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5534"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5545,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5534\/revisions\/5545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}