<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS: (1) l\u00e0m\ncho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nghe v\u00e0 (2) l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ngu. N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y\nnay, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tin v\u00e0o M\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tin v\u00e0o Ma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o M\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Lenin v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu nhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn quen thu\u1ed9c:\n\u201cCho t\u00f4i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u00f4i gieo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5\nb\u1eadt g\u1ed1c.\u201d (Give me four years to teach the children and the seed I have sown\nwill never be uprooted.) V\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n cho r\u1eb1ng Lenin n\u00f3i \u201cCho t\u00f4i n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\nm\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 \u2026\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. D\u00f9 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd l\u00e0\nv\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n CS ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n hay n\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i\nh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi CS m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lenin ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ch\u00fang ta nghe tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\nv\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Leo Tolstoy, Alexander Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoevsky v.v.. .\nNh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 m\u00f9 ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t\nph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Nga bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef. Sau khi n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Nga, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u\nc\u1ee7a Lenin l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft. Lenin bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y\nd\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc trung\nth\u00e0nh, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c CS s\u1ebd s\u1edbm ti\u00eau vong. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tho\u1ea1t nghe r\u1ea5t cao qu\u00fd nh\u01b0ng\nth\u00e2m \u00fd l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ea3ng CS m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\ng\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eadn\nth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef g\u00ec s\u1ebd\nin \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1eef M\u00e1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft theo ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u00e0 Likbez,\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp Li\u00ean Bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb 1922. Likbez l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\ntrong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng. Likbez ra ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i\nbi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch g\u00ec? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n do ban tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n\ntrung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o. H\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Likbez \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ebfn\nkho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1926, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu\nm\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb M\u00e1c-L\u00ea c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3ng CS. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh\nc\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch x\u00f3a n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng CS v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean d\u00e2n\nch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng (Peter Kenez, The Birth Of The\nPropaganda State, Cambridge University Press, 1985) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u201ctr\u1ed3ng\nng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean\nX\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau\nkhi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c Gia S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn\nm\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:\u201cV\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n\nd\u00e2n (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi huy\u1ec7n, th\u1ecb) s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi t\u1eadn c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m\n“b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fang” (\u0111\u00fang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi\ngian) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u1eeba ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t\nh\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o. C\u00f4ng ty Xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u\ns\u00e1ch b\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam XUNHASABA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1957 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf\nv\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng\nt\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.\u201d (Qu\u00e1\ntr\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (P3: Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3\n1954-1975), Nh\u00e0 Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2011)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u201cM\u00e3i m\u00e3i tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n\nTh\u1ea1c, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y su\u1ed1t nh\u1eadt k\u00fd anh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hay nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\nn\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Th\u00e9p \u0110\u00e3 T\u00f4i Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lenin n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao\nLi\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u1ea1i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\nlu\u00f4n \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 phi nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb\nb\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n, tr\u1ea5n\n\u00e1p, che khu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n \u0111i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat ph\u1ea9m\nch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i x\u00edch xi\u00eang \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc H\u00e0n, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb cai tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi ba \u0111\u1eddi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Kim kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t\nkh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb h\u1edf, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t ra. N\u0103m 2019\nc\u00f3 1047 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc H\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Nam H\u00e0n. Con s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf\n\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i trong tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea1i 14, Tr\u1ea1i\n22, b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. D\u00f9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng\nbao nhi\u00eau, ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t t\u1ef1 do v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea9m sinh c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed7i con\nng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n B\u1eafc H\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ra \u0111i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, trong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1\nl\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS Li\u00ean X\u00f4, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a TT Ronald Reagan? C\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng\nkh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m tan v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c\nc\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c\nsu\u1ed1t 70 n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng ai cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a TT Reagan l\u00e0 sai nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c\ngi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o LX ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf th\u1ee7 qua c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh\nt\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1edfi m\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Mikhail Gorbachev?\nC\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. Hai ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d c\u1ee7a Gorbachev \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edbi\ntrong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2, 1986 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1ea5t\n\u00edt th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, Gorbachev \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ct\u01b0 h\u1eefu\nh\u00f3a\u201d c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng,\nc\u1eeda ti\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Gorbachev c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\ns\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a LX m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Boris Yeltsin, \u1ee7y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb\n\u0111\u1ea3ng CSLX v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea3ng? Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.\nNh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i S\u00e1u L\u00fd Do Gi\u00fap Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 CS T\u1ed3n T\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecda\nt\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Boris Yeltsin l\u00e0m Mikhail Gorbachev s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t. Theo l\u1eddi Gorbachev,\n\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 Moscow v\u00e0 ra l\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Yeltsin \u0111\u1eebng ti\u1ebft\nl\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t trong\nn\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng CSLX. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh trung\n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng CSLX, Boris Yeltsin m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\nta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng hay x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn t\u1edbi\nng\u00e0y t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a LX? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong 15 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi\nl\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a\u201d thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean Bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft. N\u0103m 1991, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i\nc\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 cha m\u1eb9, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi 1917.\nM\u1ed9t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\nb\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ngoan c\u1ed1, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Reagan, Boris\nYeltsin, d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa, suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf v.v.. ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra nhanh\nh\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0\ny\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 8,\n1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 8, 1991. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Moscow th\u1ee9c\nd\u1eady nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n xe t\u0103ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. M\u1edf radio v\u00e0 TV m\u1edbi\nbi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u201c\u1ee6y Ban Kh\u1ea9n C\u1ea5p Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi\nthay cho Mikhail Gorbachev \u201cph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec l\u00fd do s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Danh s\u00e1ch t\u00e1m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CS n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean nghe l\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi\nv\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n sinh s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a 287 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c 15 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u1ed1i\nLX. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c KGB, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00f2ng. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 l\u1ecbnh\nqu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5p v\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\nth\u01b0\u01a1ng vong trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u1edbi. Ba s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n H\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0o th\u1ee7\n\u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh thi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Moscow h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi\nk\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Boris Yeltsin xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u201c\u1ee6y Ban Kh\u1ea9n C\u1ea5p Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Kh\u00e1c\nv\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Prague 1968 hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf\nBudapest 1956, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh th\u00e1ng 8 \u1edf Moscow 1991 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\nt\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Nga. Trong c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3\ndi\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c Li\u00ean Bang X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft. Kho\u1ea3ng\n200,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Leningrad v\u00e0 400,000 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4\nMoldavia. T\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Moscow, kho\u1ea3ng 200,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u\nl\u1edbp chung quanh tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Nga \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u Boris\nYeltsin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n do \u201cnh\u00f3m 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t\nb\u1ea1i. Mikhail Gorbachev bay v\u1ec1 Moscow ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 8 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn\nquy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111ang m\u1edd d\u1ea7n khi ng\u00f4i sao Boris Yeltsin t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.\nCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CSLX s\u1ee5p nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\nl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng xe t\u0103ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nga kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Boris Yeltsin m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng\nch\u1ebft v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Li\u00ean\nBang Nga v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n hai th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\nng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1ng 8, 1991, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ebd ra sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i Trung C\u1ed9ng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 qua bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1\nth\u00e1ng 8, 1991 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n l\u00e0 hai m\u1ed1i lo lu\u00f4n \u00e1m \u1ea3nh T\u1eadp C\u1eadn\nB\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, h\u1ecd T\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u201cH\u00e1n h\u00f3a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh, \u0110CSTQ \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c H\u00e1n h\u00f3a\nt\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a\n\u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2020 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n\ngi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110CSTQ. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\nt\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn\ntr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o. (Religion in China, Council on\nForeign Relations, September 25, 2020) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ngo\u00e0i M\u00e1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c L\u00ea v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, CSVN\nc\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n Trung C\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc khi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch hay bao che nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\nngu d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u v\u1eeba qua c\u1ee7a doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt\nGi\u00e1o Tr\u00fac Th\u00e1i Minh \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ba V\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c \u201cdoanh nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i\nc\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cth\u1ec9nh vong gi\u1ea3i\nnghi\u1ec7p\u201d. H\u1ecd l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cM\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 xui x\u1ebbo trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd\ngi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi oan h\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ra. Mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n th\u00ec bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i “tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3” cho\nvong t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0\nch\u00f9a. \u0110\u00e1ng n\u00f3i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ba\nV\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1edd t\u1ef1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc.\u201d (X\u00e1c minh ch\u00f9a Ba V\u00e0ng\n‘th\u1ec9nh vong b\u00e1o o\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p’ thu ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef7, Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb, 20\/03\/2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra\nm\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00eam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc CS im l\u1eb7ng.\n\u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d im l\u1eb7ng.\nS\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c\ndoanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng CS c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i h\u00f3a\nng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng\nCS tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u1ea3ng CS ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, m\u00ea\nmu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc CS n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Nga, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh CS theo ti\u1ebfn\ntr\u00ecnh n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c L\u00ea ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tuy\u00ean\ntruy\u1ec1n CS \u0111\u1ec1 cao Nga nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\nx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Th\u1eadt ra, cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1917 Nga v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\nv\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 70 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u00f9 ch\u1eef. Gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd\nt\u1ed9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn. Nga thua Nh\u1eadt c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n l\u1eabn\ntr\u00ean b\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Lenin v\u00e0 phe Bolsheviks ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i,\nl\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n sau C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng Hai 1917 do Aleksandr Kerensky l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\nl\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Nga Ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c\nphong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng\nth\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Th\u00e1ng 11 theo D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ecbch). Th\u00e1ng 8, 1917 Lenin c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1n \u1edf Ph\u1ea7n\nLan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3ng CSVN th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea5m hay Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t\nNam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5m th\u00ec m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u00f4ng Tr\u00fac Th\u00e1i Minh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m m\u00f3c t\u00fai nh\u1eefng\nng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n g\u00e1nh b\u00e1n b\u01b0ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\nng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kia n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 qu\u1ef3 d\u00e2ng \u00f4ng Tr\u00fac Th\u00e1i Minh nh\u1eefng\n\u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n t\u1ea3o su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u00fat l\u01b0\u01a1ng\nt\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111au l\u00f2ng. \u0102n c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\ns\u1ed1ng trong tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i\ngi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1975, l\u1ec5 ph\u00f3ng sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng\nng\u00e0y R\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, R\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ph\u00f3ng sinh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0\nm\u1ed9t con v\u00e0i con b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i con c\u00e1. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1i ni s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng\nt\u00e2m \u1edf ph\u00f3ng sinh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tha th\u1ee9, bao\ndung, quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, \u201cph\u00f3ng sinh\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 kinh doanh ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n.\nNh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m con chim b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra v\u00e0 b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i\nai c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u00f3t xa. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chim,\n\u0111ang s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4m nay nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft nh\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y mai. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\nch\u00f9a Ba V\u00e0ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u201cth\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\ncho \u201cph\u00e1p\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ea1t\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ea1n m\u1eb7c \u00e1o v\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1\n\u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Bodh Gaya) \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Varanasi, thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 Benares. T\u1eeb\n\u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111i b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai t\u1ee9c V\u01b0\u1eddn\nL\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n (Sarnath) x\u1ee9 Isipatana. T\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng kinh \u0111\u1ea7u\nti\u00ean Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i t\u1eeb bi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0\nh\u01a1n 2600 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y qua bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, bao nhi\u00eau r\u1eebng n\u00fai, bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5t\nn\u01b0\u1edbc, bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay, T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c\ntinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00fap l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n sinh quan v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u\ncon ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i thay t\u1eebng gi\u1edd. Bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c\nqu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u da, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn\ng\u1ea7n nhau. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u0103n minh soi r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ecm\ntrong t\u0103m t\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1edbm\nhay mu\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\nm\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea7n Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 CS: (1) l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nghe v\u00e0 (2) l\u00e0m<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tieu-luan-chinh-tri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5908"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5910,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5908\/revisions\/5910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.trantrungdao.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}